TGFß-induced invasion of prostate cancer cells is promoted by c-Jun-dependent transcriptional activation of Snail1.
Cell Cycle
; 13(15): 2400-14, 2014.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25483191
ABSTRACT
High levels of transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß) correlate with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer and other cancers. TGFß is a multifunctional cytokine and crucial regulator of cell fate, such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is implicated in cancer invasion and progression. TGFß conveys its signals upon binding to type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors (TßRI/II); phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 promotes their association with Smad4, which regulates expression of targets genes, such as Smad7, p21, and c-Jun. TGFß also activates the ubiquitin ligase tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which associates with TßRI and activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Snail1 is a key transcription factor, induced by TGFß that promotes migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this study, we have identified a novel binding site for c-Jun in the promoter of the Snail1 gene and report that the activation of the TGFß-TRAF6-p38 MAPK pathway promotes both c-Jun expression and its activation via p38α-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun at Ser63. The TRAF6-dependent activation of p38 also leads to increased stability of c-Jun, due to p38-dependent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3ß by phosphorylation at Ser9. Thus, our findings elucidate a novel role for the p38 MAPK pathway in stimulated cells, leading to activation of c-Jun and its binding to the promoter of Snail1, thereby triggering motility and invasiveness of aggressive human prostate cancer cells.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Prostatic Neoplasms
/
Transcription Factors
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Transcriptional Activation
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
/
JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Limits:
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
En
Journal:
Cell Cycle
Year:
2014
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Sweden
Publication country:
EEUU
/
ESTADOS UNIDOS
/
ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMERICA
/
EUA
/
UNITED STATES
/
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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US
/
USA