Autophagy is activated and involved in cell death with participation of cathepsins during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in barley.
J Exp Bot
; 69(6): 1387-1402, 2018 03 14.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-29309624
ABSTRACT
Microspores are reprogrammed towards embryogenesis by stress. Many microspores die after this stress, limiting the efficiency of microspore embryogenesis. Autophagy is a degradation pathway that plays critical roles in stress response and cell death. In animals, cathepsins have an integral role in autophagy by degrading autophagic material; less is known in plants. Plant cathepsins are papain-like C1A cysteine proteases involved in many physiological processes, including programmed cell death. We have analysed the involvement of autophagy in cell death, in relation to cathepsin activation, during stress-induced microspore embryogenesis in Hordeum vulgare. After stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death increased and autophagy was activated, including HvATG5 and HvATG6 up-regulation and increase of ATG5, ATG8, and autophagosomes. Concomitantly, cathepsin L/F-, B-, and H-like activities were induced, cathepsin-like genes HvPap-1 and HvPap-6 were up-regulated, and HvPap-1, HvPap-6, and HvPap-19 proteins increased and localized in the cytoplasm, resembling autophagy structures. Inhibitors of autophagy and cysteine proteases reduced cell death and promoted embryogenesis. The findings reveal a role for autophagy in stress-induced cell death during microspore embryogenesis, and the participation of cathepsins. Similar patterns of activation, expression, and localization suggest a possible connection between cathepsins and autophagy. The results open up new possibilities to enhance microspore embryogenesis efficiency with autophagy and/or cysteine protease modulators.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Pollen
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Autophagy
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Hordeum
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Cathepsins
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Cell Death
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Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Language:
En
Journal:
J Exp Bot
Journal subject:
BOTANICA
Year:
2018
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Spain