[Nosocomial infections in the Intensive Care Unit: annual incidence rate and clinical aspects]. / Les infections nosocomiales en milieu de réanimation: incidence annuelle et aspects cliniques au Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Kairouan, Tunisie, 2014.

Although the number of ICU beds is generally limited, the incidence rates of nosocomial infections is high. Managing infectious risk in ICU is a priority today; one of the strategic aims is the establishment of systems for epidemiological control. The aim of our study is to determine the incidence and the clinical aspects in order to identify the risk factors. We conducted a longitudinal descriptive impact assessment study enrolling patients hospedalized for more than 48 hours in general purpose Intensive Care Unit at the Ibn El JAZZAR Hospital, Kairouan over a period of 1 year, from 01/03/2013 to 28/02/2014. The study focused on 265 patients whose average age was 39±20 years (18-93 years) with a sex ratio(M/F) of 2.48. We identified 125 episodes of nosocomial infections in 81 patients corresponding to a total incidence of 30.6%. The incidence density rate was 55 infections per 1000 days of hospitalization. There was a clear predominance of pneumopathies, with an incidence of 27.73%, followed by urinary tract infections (9,73%), infections associated with central venous catheter (6.25%) and surgical site infections (2.34%). Mortality rate of patients was 28.7%, with a significant difference between infected patients (44.7% of cases) and non-infected patients (29.07%) (p < 10-3). Gram-negative bacteria were found in 80% of cases. Prevention must involve a global and multidisciplinary action.