Lysozyme-rich milk mitigates effects of malnutrition in a pig model of malnutrition and infection.
Br J Nutr
; 120(10): 1131-1148, 2018 11.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30400999
ABSTRACT
Malnutrition remains a leading contributor to the morbidity and mortality of children under the age of 5 years and can weaken the immune system and increase the severity of concurrent infections. Livestock milk with the protective properties of human milk is a potential therapeutic to modulate intestinal microbiota and improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop an infection model of childhood malnutrition in the pig to investigate the clinical, intestinal and microbiota changes associated with malnutrition and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection and to test the ability of goat milk and milk from genetically engineered goats expressing the antimicrobial human lysozyme (hLZ) milk to mitigate these effects. Pigs were weaned onto a protein-energy-restricted diet and after 3 weeks were supplemented daily with goat, hLZ or no milk for a further 2 weeks and then challenged with ETEC. The restricted diet enriched faecal microbiota in Proteobacteria as seen in stunted children. Before infection, hLZ milk supplementation improved barrier function and villous height to a greater extent than goat milk. Both goat and hLZ milk enriched for taxa (Ruminococcaceae) associated with weight gain. Post-ETEC infection, pigs supplemented with hLZ milk weighed more, had improved Z-scores, longer villi and showed more stable bacterial populations during ETEC challenge than both the goat and no milk groups. This model of childhood disease was developed to test the confounding effects of malnutrition and infection and demonstrated the potential use of hLZ goat milk to mitigate the impacts of malnutrition and infection.
Key words
CBC complete blood count; CFU colony-forming unit; ETEC enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; FF full-fed; Mal malnourished with no milk; MalE malnourished with no milk+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge; MalGoat malnourished+goat milk; MalGoatE malnourished+goat milk+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge; MalhLZ malnourished+human lysozyme milk; MalhLZE malnourished+human lysozyme milk+enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge; Mid-ETEC day 38 approximately 32 h after the first enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli dose; Post-ETEC day 39 approximately 56 h after the first enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli dose; hLZ human lysozyme; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Goat milk; Intestine; Lysozyme; Malnutrition; Microbiota; Transgenic goats
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Muramidase
/
Malnutrition
/
Milk
/
Escherichia coli Infections
/
Animal Feed
Type of study:
Prognostic_studies
Aspects:
Determinantes_sociais_saude
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
Br J Nutr
Year:
2018
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States