Incorporation of non-standard amino acids into proteins: challenges, recent achievements, and emerging applications.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
; 103(7): 2947-2958, 2019 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30790000
ABSTRACT
The natural genetic code only allows for 20 standard amino acids in protein translation, but genetic code reprogramming enables the incorporation of non-standard amino acids (NSAAs). Proteins containing NSAAs provide enhanced or novel properties and open diverse applications. With increased attention to the recent advancements in synthetic biology, various improved and novel methods have been developed to incorporate single and multiple distinct NSAAs into proteins. However, various challenges remain in regard to NSAA incorporation, such as low yield and misincorporation. In this review, we summarize the recent efforts to improve NSAA incorporation by utilizing orthogonal translational system optimization, cell-free protein synthesis, genomically recoded organisms, artificial codon boxes, quadruplet codons, and orthogonal ribosomes, before closing with a discussion of the emerging applications of NSAA incorporation.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Protein Biosynthesis
/
Proteins
/
Synthetic Biology
/
Genetic Code
/
Amino Acids
Language:
En
Journal:
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States