Psychoactive pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in coastal waters of North-Western Spain: Environmental exposure and risk assessment.
Chemosphere
; 224: 379-389, 2019 Jun.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-30826707
ABSTRACT
The knowledge on the presence of pharmaceutical compounds, and possible risks, in coastal and marine systems is still limited. This study represents the first attempt at monitoring psychoactive pharmaceuticals (PaPs) (benzodiazepines and anxiolytics) and illicit drugs (IDs) in the Rías Baixas coastal area of Northwestern Spain, an area of economic and ecological relevance, leader in shellfish production. Fourteen PaPs and 9 IDs were detected in the water samples with venlafaxine (59%), benzoylecgonine (40%), EDDP (40%), and citalopram (36%) showing the highest detection frequencies. The highest concentrations were measured for venlafaxine (291â¯ngâ¯L-1), benzoylecgonine (142â¯ngâ¯L-1), lorazepam (95.9â¯ngâ¯L-1), and citalopram (92.5â¯ngâ¯L-1). Risk assessment, based on hazard quotients suggested that venlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, and EDDP were present in concentrations potentially able to cause chronic effects in exposed organisms. Based on the results obtained further monitoring of venlafaxine, citalopram, and EDDP in coastal waters is recommended.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Psychotropic Drugs
/
Seawater
/
Water Pollutants, Chemical
/
Illicit Drugs
/
Environmental Monitoring
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
Chemosphere
Year:
2019
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Spain