Polydopamine-assisted surface modification for orthopaedic implants.

Along with the massive use of implants in orthopaedic surgeries in recent few decades, there has been a tremendous demand for the surface modification of the implants to avoid surgery failure and improve their function. Polydopamine (PDA), being able to adhere to almost all kinds of substrates and possessing copious functional groups for covalently immobilizing biomolecules and anchoring metal ions, has been widely used for surface modification of materials since its discovery in the last decade. PDA and its derivatives can be used for the surface modification of orthopaedic implants to modulate cellular responses, including cell spreading, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, and may thereby enhance the function of existing implants. In addition, the osseointegration and antimicrobial properties of orthopaedic implants may also be improved by PDA-based coatings. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of current advances of surface modification technologies for orthopaedic implants using PDA and its derivatives as a medium. Given the versatility of PDA-based adhesion, such PDA-assisted surface modification technologies will certainly benefit the development of new orthopaedic implants. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE: Surface treatments of orthopaedic implants, which are normally inert materials, are essential for their performance in vivo. This review summarizes recent advances in the surface modification of orthopaedic implants using facile and highly versatile techniques based on the use of polydopamine (PDA) and its derivatives.