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Locally Excised T1 Rectal Cancers: Need for Specialized Surveillance Protocols.
Kwakye, Gifty; Curran, Thomas; Uegami, Shinnosuke; Finne, Charles O; Lowry, Ann C; Madoff, Robert D; Jensen, Christine C.
Affiliation
  • Kwakye G; Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  • Curran T; Division of Gastrointestinal & Laparoscopic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
  • Uegami S; Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
  • Finne CO; Colon and Rectal Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • Lowry AC; Colon and Rectal Surgery Associates, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • Madoff RD; Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • Jensen CC; Division of Colon & Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Dis Colon Rectum ; 62(9): 1055-1062, 2019 09.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31318766
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Local excision of T1 rectal cancers helps avoid major surgery, but the frequency and pattern of recurrence may be different than for patients treated with total mesorectal excision.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to evaluate pattern, frequency, and means of detection of recurrence in a closely followed cohort of patients with locally excised T1 rectal cancer.

DESIGN:

This study is a retrospective review. SETTINGS Patients treated by University of Minnesota-affiliated physicians, 1994 to 2014, were selected. PATIENTS Patients had pathologically confirmed T1 rectal cancer treated with local excision and had at least 3 months of follow-up.

INTERVENTIONS:

Patients underwent local excision of T1 rectal cancer, followed by multimodality follow-up with physical examination, CEA, CT, endorectal ultrasound, and proctoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES:

The primary outcomes measured were the presence of local recurrence and the means of detection of recurrence.

RESULTS:

A total of 114 patients met the inclusion criteria. The local recurrence rate was 11.4%, and the rate of distant metastasis was 2.6%. Local recurrences occurred up to 7 years after local excision. Of the 14 patients with recurrence, 10 of the recurrences were found by ultrasound and/or proctoscopy rather than by traditional methods of surveillance such as CEA or imaging. Of these 10 patients, 4 had an apparent scar on proctoscopy, and ultrasound alone revealed findings concerning for recurrent malignancy. One had recurrent malignancy demonstrated on ultrasound, but no concurrent proctoscopy was performed.

LIMITATIONS:

This was a retrospective review, and the study was conducted at an institution where endorectal ultrasound is readily available.

CONCLUSIONS:

Locally excised T1 rectal cancers should have specific surveillance guidelines distinct from stage I cancers treated with total mesorectal excision. These guidelines should incorporate a method of local surveillance that should be extended beyond the traditional 5-year interval of surveillance. An ultrasound or MRI in addition to or instead of flexible sigmoidoscopy or proctoscopy should also be strongly considered. See Video Abstract at http//links.lww.com/DCR/A979. CÁNCERES RECTALES T1 EXTIRPADOS LOCALMENTE NECESIDAD DE PROTOCOLOS DE VIGILANCIA ESPECIALIZADOS La escisión local de los cánceres de recto T1 ayuda a evitar una cirugía mayor, pero la frecuencia y el patrón de recurrencia pueden ser diferentes a los de los pacientes tratados con escisión mesorectal total.

OBJETIVO:

Evaluar el patrón, la frecuencia y los medios de detección de recidiva en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de recto T1 extirpado localmente bajo un régimen de seguimiento especifico.

DISEÑO:

Revisión retrospectiva. AJUSTES Pacientes tratados por hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Minnesota, 1994-2014 PACIENTES Pacientes con cáncer de recto T1 confirmado patológicamente, tratados con escisión local y con al menos 3 meses de seguimiento. INTERVENCIONES Extirpación local del cáncer de recto T1, con un seguimiento multimodal incluyendo examen físico, antígeno carcinoembrionario (CEA), TC, ecografía endorrectal y proctoscopia. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE

RESULTADO:

Presencia de recurrencia local y medios de detección de recurrencia.

RESULTADOS:

Un total de 114 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de recurrencia local fue del 11,4% y la tasa de metástasis a distancia fue del 2,6%. Las recurrencias locales se presentaron hasta 7 años después de la escisión local. De los 14 pacientes con recurrencia, 10 de las recurrencias se detectaron por ultrasonido y / o proctoscopia en lugar de los métodos tradicionales de vigilancia, como CEA o imágenes. De estos diez pacientes, cuatro tenían una cicatriz aparente en la proctoscopia y el ultrasonido solo reveló hallazgos relacionados con tumores malignos recurrentes. En una ecografía se demostró malignidad recurrente, pero no se realizó proctoscopia concurrente. LIMITACIONES Revisión retrospectiva; estudio realizado en una institución donde se dispone fácilmente de ultrasonido endorrectal

CONCLUSIONES:

Los cánceres de recto T1 extirpados localmente deben tener una vigilancia específica distinta de los cánceres en etapa I tratados con TME. El régimen de seguimiento deberá de extender más allá del intervalo tradicional de 5 años de vigilancia. También se debe considerar la posibilidad de realizar una ecografía o una resonancia magnética (IRM) además de la sigmoidoscopía flexible o la proctoscopía. Vea el Resumen del video en http//links.lww.com/DCR/A979.
Subject(s)

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rectal Neoplasms / Rectum / Adenocarcinoma / Proctectomy / Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Neoplasm Staging Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Incidence_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies / Screening_studies Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: America do norte Language: En Journal: Dis Colon Rectum Year: 2019 Document type: Article

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rectal Neoplasms / Rectum / Adenocarcinoma / Proctectomy / Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Neoplasm Staging Type of study: Diagnostic_studies / Incidence_studies / Observational_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies / Screening_studies Limits: Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: America do norte Language: En Journal: Dis Colon Rectum Year: 2019 Document type: Article