Evaluating the changes in molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence: A comparison of two cross-sectional studies in two elementary schools in Mexico City between 2008 and 2017.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the trends over time of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This condition may be preventing dental caries decline. AIM: (a) To compare the prevalence of MIH, in Mexico City schoolchildren, evaluated in 2008 with a group evaluated in 2017, (b) to identify the association of MIH with dental caries, and (c) to assess the mother's perception of her child's oral health status. DESIGN: Two cross-sectional studies performed in 2008 and in 2017 were compared. The oral examiner and the selected schools were the same in both surveys. RESULTS: A total of 549 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the first survey was 20.3%, and 31.9 % in the second survey, (p = .002). Children with MIH were more likely to have dental caries. The odds ratio was 2.24 (p = .036) and 4.18 (p ˂ .001) in the first and second surveys, respectively. Mothers of children with MIH perceived worse oral health status of their children than the mothers whose children did not have MIH (odds ratio = 4.47, p ˂ .001). CONCLUSION: The findings portray a clear increase in prevalence of MIH and highlight the need for increased awareness about this condition among dentists and the general population.