A Mysterious Case of an Infarcted Spleen due to Kissing Disease: A Rare Entity.

ABSTRACT

Viruses are long known to be leading causes of self-limiting infections. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is, however, no exception. The ailment is caused by a DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. As stated earlier, the infection is usually self-limited with mononucleosis-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy (LAD), rash, headache, etc. In rare instances, it can lead to severe complications. The organ of prime importance following the infection is spleen. There are occasions where splenic injuries can lead to rupture, deeming to emergency surgical interventions. At other times, a rare entity may also be seen that constitutes an infarction within the splenic substance. We present this rare finding in a 20-year-old male patient with a left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain, cervical LAD, and sore throat who was brought to the emergency department. On physical examination, mild tenderness was observed in the LUQ with an inflamed throat and palpable cervical and occipital lymph nodes. Laboratory investigations suggested lymphocytosis with no blast cells, lactic acidosis, and mild acute kidney injury. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan demonstrated an enlarged spleen with wedge-shaped hypodense areas, which led to a diagnosis of splenic infarction secondary to infectious mononucleosis. Keeping in mind the symptomatology and the age of the patient, a bunch of differentials were needed to be ruled out. Out of a series of investigations done on the patient, EBV serology for IgM was positive. The patient was conservatively treated with a complete resolution of symptoms in one month. Our case adds to the literature the finding of a rare etiology of splenic infarction secondary to IM and the importance of stepwise and cost-effective investigations to avoid unnecessary workup when needed.