Use of the Illumina EPIC methylation array for epigenomic research in the crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

BACKGROUND: Commercially available Illumina DNA methylation arrays (HumanMethylation 27K, HumanMethylation450, and MethylationEPIC BeadChip) can be used for comprehensive DNA methylation analyses of not only the human genome but also other mammalian genomes, ranging from those of nonhuman primates to those of rodents. However, practical application of the EPIC array to the crab-eating macaque has not been reported. METHODS: Through bioinformatic analyses involving cross-species comparison and consideration of probe performance, we selected array probes that can be reliably used for the crab-eating macaque genome. A DNA methylation assay using an EPIC array was performed on genomic DNA extracted from the brains of five crab-eating macaques. The obtained DNA methylation data were compared with a publicly available dataset. RESULTS: Among the 865 918 probes in the EPIC array, a total of 183 509 probes (21.2%) were selected as high-confidence array probes in the crab-eating macaque. Subsequent comparisons revealed that the data from these probes showed good concordance with other DNA methylation datasets of the crab-eating macaque. CONCLUSION: The selected high-confidence array probes would be useful for high-throughput DNA methylation assays of the crab-eating macaque.