A public health approach to increase treatment of latent TB among household contacts in Brazil.

ABSTRACT

SETTING: Two consecutive trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a public health approach to identify and correct problems in the care cascade for household contacts (HHCs) of TB patients in three Brazilian high TB incidence cities.METHODS: In the first trial, 12 clinics underwent standardised evaluation using questionnaires administered to TB patients, HHCs and healthcare workers, and analysis of the cascade of latent TB care among HHCs. Six clinics were then randomised to receive interventions to strengthen management of latent TB infection (LTBI), including in-service training provided by nurses, work process organisation and additional clinic-specific solutions. In the second trial, a similar but streamlined evaluation was conducted in two clinics, who then received initial and subsequent intensive in-service training provided by a physician.RESULTS: In the evaluation phase of both trials, many HHCs were identified, but few started LTBI treatment. After the intervention, the number of HHCs initiating treatment per 100 active TB patients increased by 10 (95%CI - 11 to 30) in the first trial, and by 44 (95%CI 26 to 61) in the second trial.DISCUSSION: A public health approach with standardised evaluation, local decisions for improvements, followed by intensive initial and in-service training appears promising for improved LTBI management.