Long-term Impact of Hearing Aid Provision or Cochlear Implantation on Hearing Handicap.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Previous research has shown hearing handicap to be reduced following hearing aid use or cochlear implantation in short-to-medium follow-up periods, yet the impact of interventions for hearing loss on hearing handicap in the long term remains understudied. This article reports hearing handicap at 6 months, 12 months, and 5 years after either hearing aid provision or cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: A study of 115 participants from the Studying Multiple Outcomes after Aural Rehabilitative Treatment (SMART) study cohort assessed self-reported hearing handicap using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening version (HHIE-S) at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 5 years. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the population mean HHIE-S score over time, accounting for the correlated nature of repeated measures data, and multiple imputation with chained equations was performed to impute missing data. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, mean HHIE-S scores after hearing aid provision were significantly reduced at 6 months (mean = -7.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -10.40, -5.53), 12 months (mean = -6.58, 95% CI: -9.26, -3.90), and 5 years (mean = -4.58, 95% CI: -7.87, -1.30). After cochlear implantation, mean hearing handicap scores were also significantly lower compared to baseline at 6 months (mean = -8.18, 95% CI: -11.07, -5.30), 12 months (mean = -10.04, 95% CI: -12.92, -7.16), and 5 years (mean = -8.97, 95% CI: -12.92, -7.16). CONCLUSIONS: This study found short-term benefits from hearing aids and cochlear implantation on hearing handicap were maintained over 5 years. Laryngoscope, 131:1122-1126, 2021.