Voluntary patient safety incidents reporting in forensic psychiatry-What do the reports tell us?

ABSTRACT

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? Patient safety incident reporting has been recognized as a key process for organizational learning and safety culture; however, there is limited knowledge about patient safety in forensic psychiatric care. There are distinct patient safety issues in psychiatric nursing, associated (inter alia) with the self-harm, violence, seclusion/restrain and restrictions. Many adverse events are preventable. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE? No harm was caused to patients in less than half (51%) of all reported incidents (in a Finnish forensic psychiatric hospital during a six-year period) considered in this study. The most common location of violent incidents was corridors (31%), followed by day rooms (20%), and patient rooms (15%). The most common patient safety incidence type was violence against another patient (38%), which typically occurred in corridors (36%), dayrooms (25%) and patient rooms (15%), and was usually related to daily activities in the afternoon (1,400-1,600 hr) and evening (1,800-2,000 hr). Typically, recommendations for improving patient safety focus on human behaviours. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE? There is a need to notify and report all patient safety incidents (following staff training), learn from previous incidents (also learn for success), prevent typical incidents, learn for success, promote patient participation in incident prevention, share development measures outside the ward to enable exploitation by others and strengthen safety culture. In forensic psychiatry, conversation with patients regarding safety measures is strongly recommended to prevent patient safety incidents related to violence. The perspective should be extended from patient-specific factors to general factors such as patient treatment and general comfort and privacy. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Patient safety incident reporting has been recognized as a key process for organizational learning and safety culture, but there is limited knowledge about patient safety in forensic psychiatric care. AIMS: To characterize the types and frequencies of incidents in forensic psychiatric care and assess the implications for practice. METHODS: Data were collected from a patient safety incident reporting system (PSiRS) database of one forensic psychiatry hospital in Finland and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: No harm was caused in more than half of the 2,521 reported incidents examined (51%, n = 1,260). The most frequently recorded incident type was violence (38%), which typically occurred in corridors (31%) or dayrooms (20%). The most frequently recommended action to prevent violent events was that potential risks should be discussed (77%). DISCUSSION: Patient safety incidents related to violence are common in forensic psychiatric hospitals. Although very few adverse events were classified as causing serious harm to patients, many cases of violence could be prevented by identifying potential circumstances that lead to violence. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Staff need encouragement and training to detect and report all patient safety incidents. Safety culture is strengthened by learning and sharing development measures to improve patient safety.