Post-traumatic entrapment of the median nerve in the ulno-humeral joint: Diagnosis, treatment and literature review.

BACKGROUND: The incidence of median nerve injuries in pediatric elbow dislocations is approximately 3% and avulsion of the open medial epicondylar epiphysis in the pediatric population is one predisposing factor that may explain this age predilection. These lesions can be difficult to diagnose in the acute phase because symptoms tend to be mild or delayed, consequently their management can be challenging and functional outcome poorer. METHODS: We present the case of an unrecognized median nerve entrapment in a 16-year-old boy with posterior dislocation of the elbow and a medial epicondyle fracture, treated initially with close reduction and open stabilization with a cannulated screw. Assessment is supported by a review of similar reported cases available in literature. RESULTS: We discuss the diagnostic approach and the surgical options that can be used for this type of injury. CONCLUSIONS: High clinical suspicion of entrapment is imperative in presence of signs of damage to the median nerve in the pediatric patient immediately after the reduction of an elbow dislocation. If diagnosis of entrapment is made the therapeutic choice between neurolysis and nerve graft depends on the lesion severity. In the presence of a Fourrier's type 4 lesion, neurolysis should be avoided, while nerve resection and grafting are recommended.