Abundance and Diversity of Phages, Microbial Taxa, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Sediments of the River Ganges Through Metagenomic Approach.
Microb Drug Resist
; 27(10): 1336-1354, 2021 Oct.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33913739
ABSTRACT
In this study, we have analyzed the metagenomic DNA from the pooled sediment sample of the river Ganges to explore the abundance and diversity of phages, microbial community, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Utilizing data from Illumina platform, 4,174 (â¼0.0013%) reads were classified for the 285 different DNA viruses largely dominated by the group of 260 distinctive phages (3,602 reads, â¼86.3%). Among all, Microcystis (782 hits), Haemophilus (403), Synechococcus (386), Pseudomonas (279), Enterococcus (232), Bacillus (196), Rhodococcus (166), Caulobacter (163), Salmonella (146), Enterobacteria (143), Mycobacterium and (128) phages show the highest abundance and account for â¼90% of the total identified phages. In addition, we have also identified corresponding host pertaining to these phages. Mainly, Proteobacteria (â¼69.3%) dominates the microbial population structure. Primarily, orders such as Caulobacterales (â¼28%), Burkholderiales (â¼13.9%), Actinomycetales (â¼13.7%), and Pseudomonadales (â¼7.5%) signify the core section. Furthermore, 21,869 (â¼0.00695%) reads were classified in 20 ARG types (classes) and 240 ARGs (subtypes), among which 4 ARG types, namely multidrug resistance (12,041 reads, â¼55%), bacitracin (3,202 reads, â¼15%), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (1,744 reads, â¼7.98%), and fosmidomycin (990 reads, â¼4.53%), have the highest abundance. Simultaneously, six resistance mechanisms were also recognized with the dominance of antibiotic efflux (72.8%, 15,919 reads). The results unveil the distribution of (pro)-phages; microbial community; and various ARGs in the Ganges river sediments.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Bacteriophages
/
Drug Resistance, Microbial
/
Geologic Sediments
/
Microbiota
/
Genes, Bacterial
/
Genes, Viral
Type of study:
Incidence_studies
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
Microb Drug Resist
Journal subject:
MICROBIOLOGIA
/
TERAPIA POR MEDICAMENTOS
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
India