Late-stage difluoromethylation: concepts, developments and perspective.
Chem Soc Rev
; 50(14): 8214-8247, 2021 Jul 21.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34075979
ABSTRACT
This review describes the recent advances made in difluoromethylation processes based on X-CF2H bond formation where X is C(sp), C(sp2), C(sp3), O, N or S, a field of research that has benefited from the invention of multiple difluoromethylation reagents. The last decade has witnessed an upsurge of metal-based methods that can transfer CF2H to C(sp2) sites both in stoichiometric and catalytic mode. Difluoromethylation of C(sp2)-H bond has also been accomplished through Minisci-type radical chemistry, a strategy best applied to heteroaromatics. Examples of electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical and cross-coupling methods have appeared to construct C(sp3)-CF2H bonds, but cases of stereoselective difluoromethylation are still limited. In this sub-field, an exciting departure is the precise site-selective installation of CF2H onto large biomolecules such as proteins. The formation of X-CF2H bond where X is oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur is conventionally achieved upon reaction with ClCF2H; more recently, numerous protocols have achieved X-H insertion with novel non-ozone depleting difluorocarbene reagents. All together, these advances have streamlined access to molecules of pharmaceutical relevance, and generated interest for process chemistry.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Chem Soc Rev
Year:
2021
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United kingdom