Exploring the predictors of depression among Saudi adolescents: Time for urgent firm actions.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of depression among Saudi adolescents and identify its correlates. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using a multistage random technique that included students at the intermediate and secondary levels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used as a tool, in addition to a survey of the potential risk factors. Binary logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS: Out of 960 students, 32.4% were found to have moderate to severe depression. The age group of 16-19 years was more at risk. Female gender and low father's education level were significant predictors of depression. Less internet use and more physical activity are considered a protective factor against depression, OR -0.531 (95% CI 0.315-0.894) and OR -0.668 (95% CI 0.468-0.953), respectively. Whereas the physical abuse, OR 2.047 (95% CI 1.287-3.255) and emotional abuse, OR 2.576 (95% CI 1.740-3.813) considered risk factors for depression. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression among Saudi adolescents is worrisome. Urgent and firm actions should be taken in response to the increasing prevalence of depression worldwide.