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Academic Achievement Among Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts : A Population-Based Study.
Watkins, Stephanie E; Meyer, Robert E; Aylsworth, Arthur S; Marcus, Jeffrey R; Allori, Alexander C; Pimenta, Luiz; Lipinski, Robert J; Strauss, Ronald P.
Affiliation
  • Watkins SE; Women's and Children's Health Section, Division of Public Health, Raleigh, NC, USA.
  • Meyer RE; Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Division of Public Health, State Center for Health Statistics, Raleigh, NC, USA.
  • Aylsworth AS; Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Marcus JR; Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
  • Allori AC; Division of Plastic, Maxillofacial, and Oral Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
  • Pimenta L; School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
  • Lipinski RJ; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Strauss RP; School of Dentistry and Office of the Provost, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J ; 55(1): 12-20, 2018 Jan.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34162061
OBJECTIVE: Children with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may experience poor reading proficiency, learning disabilities, and academic underachievement. We examined the association between nonsyndromic (NS) OFCs and end-of-grade (EOG) performance in reading and math from third through eighth grade in a sample subgroup. PARTICIPANTS: We identified a cohort of 559 children with NS-OFCs and 6822 children without birth defects, classifying cleft type by cleft lip alone, with or without cleft alveolar ridge (CL); cleft lip with cleft palate (CL+P); and cleft palate only (CP). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using logistic regression, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards among children with NS-OFCs compared to unaffected peers. Using longitudinal analyses, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards and average change in test scores through eighth grade. RESULTS: Children with NS-OFCs were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.83) times as likely not to meet grade-level standards in reading compared to unaffected peers. The effect was similar for math (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.48). Children with CL+P were 1.33 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.83) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.56) times as likely not to meet grade-level standard in reading and in both subjects, respectively, compared to unaffected peers. The average rate of change in both scores was similar for children with and without OFCs. CONCLUSIONS: Poor academic performance appears greatest for children with CL+P, a finding compatible with previous observations and hypothesized mechanisms associating orofacial clefts with subtle abnormalities in brain development. Academic performance monitoring and referral for academic assistance is warranted.
Key words

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic_studies Language: En Journal: Cleft Palate Craniofac J Journal subject: ODONTOLOGIA Year: 2018 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United States Country of publication: United States

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic_studies Language: En Journal: Cleft Palate Craniofac J Journal subject: ODONTOLOGIA Year: 2018 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United States Country of publication: United States