PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN MIDDLE AND LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS.

ABSTRACT

The changes in the physical properties and functional shifts of middle and long distance runners in Tbilisi and Bakuriani conditions during the identical physical exercises are given in this paper. For comparison the analogous data of judokas are presented. The difference between the background indices (Tbilisi) and in the conditions of Bakuriani has been established during training and the state of rest. Based on the relief peculiarities of Georgia, the action of trainings conducted at different heights (Tbilisi - 550 m and Bakuriani - 1750 m from sea level) on heart rate and respiratory rate, lung vital capacity at the state of rest, the hand and lumbar muscles strength, general and special endurance of the high qualification sportsmen (among them 32 athletes and 40 judokas) have been studied. The above-said data were recorded in accordance with the training processes (preparatory, basic and transition) at the state of rest and in the intervals between physical exercises (warming up, control and official competitions) and in the first minutes of recovery period after completing the exercises. Also, the duration of adaptation period was established at the state of rest and physical training of sportsmen, and there were almost no data in the literature about this till conducting Olympic Games in Mexico City (1968). The observations were conducted on athletes and judokas in Tbilisi (550 m from sea level) and Bakuriani (1750 m). The training sessions lasted 20-22 days. Thus, the features of physical and functional shifts in athletes are revealed, depending on various types of sports employment, training periods, rest and climatic conditions that must be taken into account when conducting sports training.