Are Pain and Negative Affect Coping Distinct Motives for Opioid Misuse?

Background: Coping with pain is a commonly reported motive for opioid misuse. Opioids also provide relief of stress and negative affect and thus are often misused to cope with these emotional states. Although several studies have investigated coping motives in people who misuse opioids, it remains unclear whether pain coping and negative affect coping are distinct or overlapping motives for misuse. Objectives: In this study, we examined opioid use motives (enhancement, social, negative affect coping, and pain coping) in a sample of 52 adults seeking treatment for opioid use disorder. We used an adaptation of the Drug Use Motives Questionnaire that included an additional 5 items to assess pain coping motives for use. Results: Results indicated that pain coping was not significantly associated with other motives for use, including negative affect coping. Pain coping motives were strongly correlated with both pain severity (r = .51) and pain interference (r = .39), but not anxiety severity. Conversely, negative affect coping motives were strongly correlated with anxiety severity (r = .45), but not pain severity or interference. Conclusions: These results suggest that pain coping motives may be distinct from negative affect coping motives and should be assessed separately.