Chronic Pain and Its Impact on Child Mental Health: Management Challenges and Clinical Guidance for Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists.

Chronic pain refers to recurrent or persistent pain that extends beyond the expected time of healing. In addition to the negative impact of chronic pain on a child's overall well-being and functioning in social and academic settings, chronic pain negatively impacts family functioning, caregiver well-being, and a family's financial resources.1 Furthermore, youth with chronic pain frequently meet criteria for psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and disruptive disorders, and chronic pain increases the risk for suicidal behaviors and substance use on a long-term basis.1,2 Comorbid psychiatric symptoms and behaviors among youth with chronic pain often add additional discomfort, dramatically reduce quality of life, exacerbate pain symptoms, and delay or prevent recovery.1 Many youth do not receive ideal, multidisciplinary care.