The potential role of HIV-1 latency in promoting neuroinflammation and HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Trends Immunol
; 43(8): 630-639, 2022 08.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-35840529
ABSTRACT
Despite potent suppression of HIV-1 viral replication in the central nervous system (CNS) by antiretroviral therapy (ART), between 15% and 60% of HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART exhibit neuroinflammation and symptoms of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) - a significant unmet challenge. We propose that the emergence of HIV-1 from latency in microglia underlies both neuroinflammation in the CNS and the progression of HAND. Recent molecular studies of cellular silencing mechanisms of HIV-1 in microglia show that HIV-1 latency can be reversed both by proinflammatory cytokines and by signals from damaged neurons, potentially creating intermittent cycles of HIV-1 reactivation and silencing in the brain. We posit that anti-inflammatory agents that also block HIV-1 reactivation, such as nuclear receptor agonists, might provide new putative therapeutic avenues for the treatment of HAND.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
HIV Infections
/
HIV-1
Type of study:
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
Trends Immunol
Journal subject:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
Year:
2022
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States