Outcomes of traumatic brain injury in the patient of 60 years and above: a single centre retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: The elderly is at risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI), but local data on their morbidity and mortality outcomes was lacking. This study aims to assess the outcome in mortality and functional outcome, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with TBI more than 60 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single centre retrospective cohort study was carried out involving patients age 60 years old and above with TBI between June 2018 to May 2021. The mortality and GOS at hospital discharge, 30th day, and 90th day of trauma were analysed. The simple logistic regression (SLR) and multiple logistic regression (MLR) were performed to determine factors associated with poor outcomes and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 248 patients were analysed. The mean age was 67.5 ± 6.31 years. 156 (62.9%), 26 (10.5%), and 66 (26.6%) had mild, moderate, and severe TBI, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 9.7% and the median(IQR) GOS score were 4(2); p<0.001 at hospital discharge, 30th day and 90th day. There was significant difference in GOS outcomes after 90 days χ2(2) = 136.76 p<0.001. Upon MLR, there was a significant association of polytrauma, Adj. OR 11.04 (2.503-48.711); p < 0.002 and TBI severity: moderate TBI, Adj. OR 71.44(13.028-391.782); p < 0.001 and severe TBI, Adj OR 2533.51 (213.050-30127.644); p<0.001 towards poor outcome. However, only severity of TBI: moderate TBI, Adj. OR 19.48 (1.899-199.094); p=0.012 and severe TBI, Adj OR 26.42 (2.864-243.722); p=0.004 is associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Polytrauma and moderate-severe head injury are associated with poor outcomes and moderate-severe head injury is associated with high mortality.