Stem Cell Therapy in Lupus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disease with multiple organs and systems involved such as the kidney, lung, brain and the hematopoietic system. Although increased knowledge of the disease pathogenesis has improved treatment options, current immunosuppressive therapies have failed to prevent disease relapse in more than half of treated patients. Thus, the cell replacement therapy approach that aims to overcome adverse events of traditional treatment and improve recovery rate of refractory SLE is considered as an alternative treatment option. A large number of animal studies and clinical trials have shown stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of SLE. Since the first transplantation into human patients, several stem cell types have been applied in this field, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we overview different cell sources of stem cells and applications of the stem cell therapy for treatment of SLE, as well as the comparison between HSCs transplantation (HSCT) and MSCs transplantation (MSCT).