The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of attention and memory impairment following stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated inconsistent results for the treatment effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on attention and memory impairment following stroke. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TMS for the treatment of stroke were retrieved from Online databases. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: Ten RCTs performed in China were included, with a total of 591 younger post-stroke patients ranging in age from their 40s to their 60s. The meta-analysis indicated that TMS could significantly improve the recovery of cognitive impairment following a stroke, according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (8 studies, MD = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.44 to 3.95, P < 0.0001), the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) score (7 studies, MD = 1.74, 95% CI:1.13 to 2.34, P < 0.00001), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) for Activities of Daily Living (3 studies, MD = 8.83, 95% CI:5.34 to 12.32, P < 0.00001). Sub-group analysis of MoCA and RBMT suggested that a low-frequency (1 Hz) stimulation exhibited similar effect with a higher-frequency (10 Hz) treatment. DISCUSSION: TMS might effectively improve the attention and memory impairment of stroke patients without increasing side effects. But this effect needs to be verified by more multi-center, high-quality, large-sample, rigorously designed RCTs.