Spatial-temporal regulation of fatty alcohol biosynthesis in yeast.

BACKGROUND: Construction of efficient microbial cell factories is one of the core steps for establishing green bio-manufacturing processes. However, the complex metabolic regulation makes it challenging in driving the metabolic flux toward the product biosynthesis. Dynamically coupling the biosynthetic pathways with the cellular metabolism at spatial-temporal manner should be helpful for improving the production with alleviating the cellular stresses. RESULTS: In this study, we observed the mismatch between fatty alcohol biosynthesis and cellular metabolism, which compromised the fatty alcohol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To enhance the fatty alcohol production, we spatial-temporally regulated fatty alcohol biosynthetic pathway by peroxisomal compartmentalization (spatial) and dynamic regulation of gene expression (temporal). In particular, fatty acid/acyl-CoA responsive promoters were identified by comparative transcriptional analysis, which helped to dynamically regulate the expression of acyl-CoA reductase gene MaFAR1 and improved fatty alcohol biosynthesis by 1.62-fold. Furthermore, enhancing the peroxisomal supply of acyl-CoA and NADPH further improved fatty alcohol production to 282 mg/L, 2.52 times higher than the starting strain. CONCLUSIONS: This spatial-temporal regulation strategy partially coordinated fatty alcohol biosynthesis with cellular metabolism including peroxisome biogenesis and precursor supply, which should be applied for production of other products in microbes.