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Harnessing the potential of machine learning and artificial intelligence for dementia research.
Ranson, Janice M; Bucholc, Magda; Lyall, Donald; Newby, Danielle; Winchester, Laura; Oxtoby, Neil P; Veldsman, Michele; Rittman, Timothy; Marzi, Sarah; Skene, Nathan; Al Khleifat, Ahmad; Foote, Isabelle F; Orgeta, Vasiliki; Kormilitzin, Andrey; Lourida, Ilianna; Llewellyn, David J.
Affiliation
  • Ranson JM; University of Exeter Medical School, College House, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK. J.Ranson@exeter.ac.uk.
  • Bucholc M; Cognitive Analytics Research Lab, School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry, UK.
  • Lyall D; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
  • Newby D; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Winchester L; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Oxtoby NP; Department of Computer Science, UCL Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK.
  • Veldsman M; Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK.
  • Rittman T; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  • Marzi S; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Skene N; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Al Khleifat A; UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Foote IF; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
  • Orgeta V; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Kormilitzin A; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, USA.
  • Lourida I; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
  • Llewellyn DJ; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Brain Inform ; 10(1): 6, 2023 Feb 24.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36829050
ABSTRACT
Progress in dementia research has been limited, with substantial gaps in our knowledge of targets for prevention, mechanisms for disease progression, and disease-modifying treatments. The growing availability of multimodal data sets opens possibilities for the application of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to help answer key questions in the field. We provide an overview of the state of the science, highlighting current challenges and opportunities for utilisation of AI approaches to move the field forward in the areas of genetics, experimental medicine, drug discovery and trials optimisation, imaging, and prevention. Machine learning methods can enhance results of genetic studies, help determine biological effects and facilitate the identification of drug targets based on genetic and transcriptomic information. The use of unsupervised learning for understanding disease mechanisms for drug discovery is promising, while analysis of multimodal data sets to characterise and quantify disease severity and subtype are also beginning to contribute to optimisation of clinical trial recruitment. Data-driven experimental medicine is needed to analyse data across modalities and develop novel algorithms to translate insights from animal models to human disease biology. AI methods in neuroimaging outperform traditional approaches for diagnostic classification, and although challenges around validation and translation remain, there is optimism for their meaningful integration to clinical practice in the near future. AI-based models can also clarify our understanding of the causality and commonality of dementia risk factors, informing and improving risk prediction models along with the development of preventative interventions. The complexity and heterogeneity of dementia requires an alternative approach beyond traditional design and analytical approaches. Although not yet widely used in dementia research, machine learning and AI have the potential to unlock current challenges and advance precision dementia medicine.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Language: En Journal: Brain Inform Year: 2023 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United kingdom Publication country: ALEMANHA / ALEMANIA / DE / DEUSTCHLAND / GERMANY

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Language: En Journal: Brain Inform Year: 2023 Document type: Article Affiliation country: United kingdom Publication country: ALEMANHA / ALEMANIA / DE / DEUSTCHLAND / GERMANY