Nephrotic Syndrome and Statin Therapy: An Outcome Analysis.

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Hypercholesterolemia in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) may predispose to cardiovascular events and alter kidney function. We aimed to evaluate statins efficiency in NS patients under immunosuppression using four endpoints remission rate (RR), end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), major cardiovascular events (MACE), and thrombotic complications (VTE). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively examined the outcome at 24 months after diagnosis of 154 NS patients (age 53 (39-64) years, 64% male, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 61.9 (45.2-81.0) mL/min). During the follow-up, the lipid profile was evaluated at 6 months and at 1 and 2 years. Results: The median cholesterol level was 319 mg/dL, and 83% of the patients received statins. Patients without statins (17%) had similar age, body mass index, comorbidities, blood lipids levels, NS severity, and kidney function. The most used statin was simvastatin (41%), followed by rosuvastatin (32%) and atorvastatin (27%). Overall, 79% of the patients reached a form of remission, 5% reached ESKD, 8% suffered MACE, and 11% had VTE. The mean time to VTE was longer in the statin group (22.6 (95%CI 21.7, 23.6) versus 20.0 (95%CI 16.5, 23.5) months, p 0.02). In multivariate analysis, statin therapy was not associated with better RR, kidney survival, or fewer MACE; however, the rate of VTE was lower in patients on statins (HR 2.83 (95%CI 1.02, 7.84)). Conclusions: Statins did not improve the remission rate and did not reduce the risk of MACE or ESKD in non-diabetic nephrotic patients. However, statins seemed to reduce the risk of VTE. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to establish statins' role in NS management.