Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment of exposure to trace elements in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran.
J Water Health
; 21(4): 501-513, 2023 Apr.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37119150
ABSTRACT
The daily intake of trace elements through water resources and their adverse health effects is a critical issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of exposure to iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in groundwater resources of Sari city, Iran. The concentrations of the trace elements in a total number of 66 samples from the groundwater sources were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The hazard index (HI) levels of exposure to the trace elements from the groundwater sources for adults, teenagers, and children were 0.65, 0.83, and 1.08, respectively. The carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As in the groundwater sources for children, teenagers, and adults were 0.0001, 0.00009, 0.00007, 0.0003, 0.0002, and 0.0001, respectively, causing a total carcinogenic risk value higher than the acceptable range, and removing Cr and As from the groundwater resources is recommended for safe community water supply.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Arsenic
/
Trace Elements
/
Groundwater
/
Metals, Heavy
Type of study:
Etiology_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Child
/
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Asia
Language:
En
Journal:
J Water Health
Journal subject:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Year:
2023
Document type:
Article
Country of publication:
ENGLAND
/
ESCOCIA
/
GB
/
GREAT BRITAIN
/
INGLATERRA
/
REINO UNIDO
/
SCOTLAND
/
UK
/
UNITED KINGDOM