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Strategies for Monitoring Microbial Life in Beach Sand for Protection of Public Health.
Brandão, João; Valério, Elisabete; Weiskerger, Chelsea; Veríssimo, Cristina; Sarioglou, Konstantina; Novak Babic, Monika; Solo-Gabriele, Helena M; Sabino, Raquel; Rebelo, Maria Teresa.
Affiliation
  • Brandão J; Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Valério E; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Weiskerger C; Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Veríssimo C; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Sarioglou K; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, 1449 Engineering Research Ct. Room A127, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
  • Novak Babic M; Department of Transmittable Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Solo-Gabriele HM; Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Sabino R; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • Rebelo MT; Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 20(9)2023 05 03.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37174228
ABSTRACT
The 2021 revised guidelines of the World Health Organization recommend monitoring the quality of sand in addition to water at recreational beaches. This review provides background information about the types of beaches, the characteristics of sand, and the microbiological parameters that should be measured. Analytical approaches are described for quantifying fungi and fecal indicator bacteria from beach sand. The review addresses strategies to assess beach sand quality, monitoring approaches, sand remediation, and the proposed way forward for beach sand monitoring programs. In the proposed way forward, recommendations are provided for acceptable levels of fungi given their distribution in the environment. Additional recommendations include evaluating FIB distributions at beaches globally to assess acceptable ranges of FIB levels, similar to those proposed for fungi.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Public Health / Sand Aspects: Determinantes_sociais_saude Language: En Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Year: 2023 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Portugal
Fulltext
Add to My VHL
Print
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PubMed Links
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Public Health / Sand Aspects: Determinantes_sociais_saude Language: En Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Year: 2023 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Portugal