Dietary administration of mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, peel extract enhances the growth, and physiological and immunoendocrinological regulation of prawn, Macrobrachiumrosenbergii.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the potential immunostimulatory effects of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) peel extract on Macrobrachium rosenbergii, specifically in enhancing immunity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. We employed a dietary administration approach to assess the impact of different extract preparations from mangosteen peel, namely mangosteen peel powder (MPP), boiled mangosteen peel powder (MPB), and mangosteen peel extract (MPE). Following the administration of mangosteen peel extract, we evaluated growth performance, innate immune parameters, and disease resistance in the prawns. The results revealed a significant increase in total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), as well as phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency against L. garvieae. Based on these findings, we suggest that mangosteen peel extract can be utilized as an immunostimulant for prawns through dietary administration, regulating immune responses and enhancing resistance against pathogens by modulating carbohydrate metabolism.