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Brain-charting autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals distinct and overlapping neurobiology.
Bedford, Saashi A; Lai, Meng-Chuan; Lombardo, Michael V; Chakrabarti, Bhismadev; Ruigrok, Amber; Suckling, John; Anagnostou, Evdokia; Lerch, Jason P; Taylor, Margot; Nicolson, Rob; Stelios, Georgiades; Crosbie, Jennifer; Schachar, Russell; Kelley, Elizabeth; Jones, Jessica; Arnold, Paul D; Courchesne, Eric; Pierce, Karen; Eyler, Lisa T; Campbell, Kathleen; Barnes, Cynthia Carter; Seidlitz, Jakob; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron F; Bullmore, Edward T; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Bethlehem, Richard A I.
Affiliation
  • Bedford SA; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
  • Lai MC; Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
  • Lombardo MV; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
  • Chakrabarti B; The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health and Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada.
  • Ruigrok A; Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Suckling J; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
  • Anagnostou E; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100229, Taiwan.
  • Lerch JP; Laboratory for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy.
  • Taylor M; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
  • Nicolson R; Centre for Autism, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6ES, UK.
  • Stelios G; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
  • Crosbie J; Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester.
  • Schachar R; Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK.
  • Kelley E; Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Jones J; Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
  • Arnold PD; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Courchesne E; Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Pierce K; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
  • Eyler LT; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Campbell K; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Barnes CC; Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
  • Seidlitz J; McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
  • Alexander-Bloch AF; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
  • Bullmore ET; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
  • Baron-Cohen S; Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  • Bethlehem RAI; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada.
medRxiv ; 2023 Dec 07.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38106166
ABSTRACT

Background:

Autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions with complex underlying neurobiology. Despite overlapping presentation and sex-biased prevalence, autism and ADHD are rarely studied together, and sex differences are often overlooked. Normative modelling provides a unified framework for studying age-specific and sex-specific divergences in neurodivergent brain development.

Methods:

Here we use normative modelling and a large, multi-site neuroimaging dataset to characterise cortical anatomy associated with autism and ADHD, benchmarked against models of typical brain development based on a sample of over 75,000 individuals. We also examined sex and age differences, relationship with autistic traits, and explored the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD (autism+ADHD).

Results:

We observed robust neuroanatomical signatures of both autism and ADHD. Overall, autistic individuals showed greater cortical thickness and volume localised to the superior temporal cortex, whereas individuals with ADHD showed more global effects of cortical thickness increases but lower cortical volume and surface area across much of the cortex. The autism+ADHD group displayed a unique pattern of widespread increases in cortical thickness, and certain decreases in surface area. We also found evidence that sex modulates the neuroanatomy of autism but not ADHD, and an age-by-diagnosis interaction for ADHD only.

Conclusions:

These results indicate distinct cortical differences in autism and ADHD that are differentially impacted by age, sex, and potentially unique patterns related to their co-occurrence.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: MedRxiv Year: 2023 Document type: Article Country of publication: United States
Fulltext
Add to My VHL
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: MedRxiv Year: 2023 Document type: Article Country of publication: United States