Diagnosing arthropod-borne flaviviruses: non-structural protein 1 (NS1) as a biomarker.
Trends Microbiol
; 32(7): 678-696, 2024 Jul.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38135616
ABSTRACT
In recent decades, the presence of flaviviruses of concern for human health in Europe has drastically increased,exacerbated by the effects of climate change - which has allowed the vectors of these viruses to expand into new territories. Co-circulation of West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) represents a threat to the European continent, and this is further complicated by the difficulty of obtaining an early and discriminating diagnosis of infection. Moreover, the possibility of introducing non-endemic pathogens, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), further complicates accurate diagnosis. Current flavivirus diagnosis is based mainly on RT-PCR and detection of virus-specific antibodies. Yet, both techniques suffer from limitations, and the development of new assays that can provide an early, rapid, low-cost, and discriminating diagnosis of viral infection is warranted. In the pursuit of ideal diagnostic assays, flavivirus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) serves as an excellent target for developing diagnostic assays based on both the antigen itself and the antibodies produced against it. This review describes the potential of such NS1-based diagnostic methods, focusing on the application of flaviviruses that co-circulate in Europe.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Biomarkers
/
Viral Nonstructural Proteins
/
Flavivirus Infections
/
Flavivirus
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
En
Journal:
Trends Microbiol
Journal subject:
MICROBIOLOGIA
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Belgium
Country of publication:
United kingdom