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Prevention of heartworm infection in dogs using a combination of moxidectin, imidacloprid and praziquantel: evidence from a randomized clinical trial.
Dantas-Torres, Filipe; Figueredo, Luciana Aguiar; Sales, Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva; de Luna, Rafaela Lira Nogueira; de Sousa-Paula, Lucas Christian; da Silva, Lidiane Gomes; Bonifácio, Lucas Lisboa Nunes; Otranto, Domenico.
Affiliation
  • Dantas-Torres F; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil. filipe.torres@fiocruz.br.
  • Figueredo LA; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
  • Sales KGDS; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
  • de Luna RLN; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
  • de Sousa-Paula LC; Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
  • da Silva LG; Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
  • Bonifácio LLN; Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Brazil.
  • Otranto D; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
Parasitol Res ; 123(1): 94, 2024 Jan 12.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38212547
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% for the prevention of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) infection in dogs. For this purpose, a randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted between August 2021 and October 2022, in the municipality of Goiana, state of Pernambuco, north-eastern Brazil, where heartworm is highly prevalent. Of the 213 dogs initially sampled (baseline), 68 (31.9%) were positive for adult antigens (SNAP 4Dx Plus, Idexx) and/or microfilariae (modified Knott's test). On day 0, 140 negative dogs were randomly included in the treatment and control groups, 70 animals each. During the study, 60 dogs (34 treated and 26 untreated) were removed for different reasons. At the end of the study (day 360 ± 2), 36 treated and 44 untreated were sampled and included in the efficacy calculation. The efficacy against the development of adults and microfilariae was 84.7%, with only one treated dog being positive for adult antigens but negative for microfilariae. On the other hand, eight untreated dogs were positive for adult antigens and/or microfilariae, resulting in a significant difference in the number of positives between groups (Chi-square test = 4.706, df = 1, P = 0.0301). Remarkably, the efficacy against the appearance of D. immitis microfilariae was 100% (i.e., all treated dogs negative) and three untreated dogs were positive for microfilariae. The topical combination of moxidectin 3.5%, imidacloprid 10% and praziquantel 10% significantly reduced the risk of D. immitis infection in treated dogs as compared with untreated dogs, in a highly endemic area in north-eastern Brazil.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Dirofilaria immitis / Dirofilariasis / Dog Diseases / Neonicotinoids / Nitro Compounds Limits: Animals Language: En Journal: Parasitol Res Journal subject: PARASITOLOGIA Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Dirofilaria immitis / Dirofilariasis / Dog Diseases / Neonicotinoids / Nitro Compounds Limits: Animals Language: En Journal: Parasitol Res Journal subject: PARASITOLOGIA Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Brazil
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