Dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid as disinfection by-products in drinking water are endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
J Hazard Mater
; 466: 133035, 2024 03 15.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38266585
ABSTRACT
Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) are two typical non-volatile disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in drinking water. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that they show reproductive toxicity. However, whether they might have endocrine disrupting properties remains largely unknown. To discover this, we treated male mice or pregnant mice with 0, 1-, 102-, 103-, 104-, or 5â¯×â¯104-fold maximal concentration level (MCL) of DCAA or TCAA in drinking water. In male mice, the levels of testosterone in serum and androgen receptor (AR) in testis were declined with ≥â¯103-fold MCL of DCAA (26.4â¯mg/kg/d) or TCAA (52.7â¯mg/kg/d). In pregnant mice, miscarriage rates were increased with ≥â¯104-fold MCL of DCAA (264â¯mg/kg/d) or ≥â¯103-fold MCL of TCAA. The levels of FSH in serum were increased and those of estradiol and progesterone were reduced with ≥â¯103-fold MCL of DCAA or TCAA. The protein levels of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERß) in ovary were reduced with ≥â¯102-fold MCL of DCAA (2.64â¯mg/kg/d) or TCAA (5.27â¯mg/kg/d). Exposure to some certain fold MCL of DCAA or TCAA also altered the protein levels of ERα and ERß in uterus and placenta. Exposure to 5â¯×â¯104-fold MCL of both DCAA and TCAA showed the combined effects. Therefore, both DCAA and TCAA could be considered as novel reproductive endocrine disrupting chemicals, which might be helpful for further assessment of the toxicological effects of DCAA and TCAA and the awareness of reproductive endocrine disrupting properties caused by DCAA and TCAA in drinking water.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Drinking Water
/
Endocrine Disruptors
Limits:
Animals
/
Pregnancy
Language:
En
Journal:
J Hazard Mater
Journal subject:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Country of publication:
Netherlands