Effects of Butorphanol on Respiration in White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Immobilized with Etorphine-Azaperone.
J Wildl Dis
; 60(2): 388-400, 2024 04 01.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38268196
ABSTRACT
This article reports on respiratory function in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) immobilized with etorphine-azaperone and the changes induced by butorphanol administration as part of a multifaceted crossover study that also investigated the effects of etorphine or etorphine-butorphanol treatments. Six male white rhinoceros underwent two immobilizations by using 1) etorphine-azaperone and 2) etorphine-azaperone-butorphanol. Starting 10 min after recumbency, arterial blood gases, limb muscle tremors, expired minute ventilation, and respiratory rate were evaluated at 5-min intervals for 25 min. Alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient, expected respiratory minute volume, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production were calculated. Etorphine-azaperone administration resulted in hypoxemia and hypercapnia, with increases in alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient, oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production, and a decrease in expired minute ventilation. Muscle tremors were also observed. Intravenous butorphanol administration in etorphine-azaperone-immobilized white rhinoceros resulted in less hypoxemia and hypercapnia; a decrease in oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and expired minute ventilation; and no change in the alveolar to arterial oxygen gradient and rate of breathing. We show that the immobilization of white rhinoceros with etorphine-azaperone results in hypoxemia and hypercapnia and that the subsequent intravenous administration of butorphanol improves both arterial blood oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Butorphanol
/
Etorphine
Limits:
Animals
Language:
En
Journal:
J Wildl Dis
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
South Africa