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Human metapneumovirus respiratory infection affects both innate and adaptive intestinal immunity.
Sepúlveda-Alfaro, Javiera; Catalán, Eduardo A; Vallejos, Omar P; Ramos-Tapia, Ignacio; Madrid-Muñoz, Cristóbal; Mendoza-León, María J; Suazo, Isidora D; Rivera-Asin, Elizabeth; Silva, Pedro H; Alvarez-Mardones, Oscar; Castillo-Godoy, Daniela P; Riedel, Claudia A; Schinnerling, Katina; Ugalde, Juan A; Soto, Jorge A; Bueno, Susan M; Kalergis, Alexis M; Melo-Gonzalez, Felipe.
Affiliation
  • Sepúlveda-Alfaro J; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Catalán EA; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Vallejos OP; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Ramos-Tapia I; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Madrid-Muñoz C; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Mendoza-León MJ; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Suazo ID; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Rivera-Asin E; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Silva PH; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Alvarez-Mardones O; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Castillo-Godoy DP; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Riedel CA; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Schinnerling K; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Ugalde JA; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Soto JA; Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Bueno SM; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
  • Kalergis AM; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  • Melo-Gonzalez F; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1330209, 2024.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38404579
ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in children, immunocompromised people, and the elderly. Several respiratory viruses can induce intestinal inflammation and alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the major respiratory viruses contributing to infant mortality in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and the effect of this infection at the gut level has not been studied.

Methods:

Here, we evaluated the distal effects of HMPV infection on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in a murine model, analyzing several post-infection times (days 1, 3, and 5). Six to eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with HMPV, and mice inoculated with a non-infectious supernatant (Mock) were used as a control group.

Results:

We did not detect HMPV viral load in the intestine, but we observed significant changes in the transcription of IFN-γ in the colon, analyzed by qPCR, at day 1 post-infection as compared to the control group. Furthermore, we analyzed the frequencies of different innate and adaptive immune cells in the colonic lamina propria, using flow cytometry. The frequency of monocyte populations was altered in the colon of HMPV -infected mice at days 1 and 3, with no significant difference from control mice at day 5 post-infection. Moreover, colonic CD8+ T cells and memory precursor effector CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in HMPV-infected mice at day 5, suggesting that HMPV may also alter intestinal adaptive immunity. Additionally, we did not find alterations in antimicrobial peptide expression, the frequency of colonic IgA+ plasma cells, and levels of fecal IgA. Some minor alterations in the fecal microbiota composition of HMPV -infected mice were detected using 16s rRNA sequencing. However, no significant differences were found in ß-diversity and relative abundance at the genus level.

Discussion:

To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the alterations in intestinal immunity following respiratory infection with HMPV infection. These effects do not seem to be mediated by direct viral infection in the intestinal tract. Our results indicate that HMPV can affect colonic innate and adaptive immunity but does not significantly alter the microbiota composition, and further research is required to understand the mechanisms inducing these distal effects in the intestine.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Tract Infections / Paramyxoviridae Infections / Metapneumovirus Limits: Aged / Animals / Child / Child, preschool / Humans Language: En Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Country of publication: Switzerland

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Respiratory Tract Infections / Paramyxoviridae Infections / Metapneumovirus Limits: Aged / Animals / Child / Child, preschool / Humans Language: En Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Chile Country of publication: Switzerland