Chemical transformation mechanism for blue-to-green emitting CsPbBr3 nanocrystals.

ABSTRACT

Recently, metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as efficient light emitters with near-unity quantum yield and size-dependent optical and electronic properties, which have attracted considerable attention from researchers. However, the ultrafast nucleation rate of ionic perovskite counterparts severely limits the in-depth exploration of the growth mechanism of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). Herein, we used an inorganic ligand nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4) to trigger a slow post-synthesis transformation process, converting non-luminescent Cs4PbBr6 NCs into bright green luminescent CsPbBr3 NCs to elucidate the concrete transformation mechanism via four stages (i) the dissociation of pristine NCs, (ii) the formation of Pb-Br intermediates, (iii) low-dimensional nanoplatelets (NPLs) and (iv) cubic CsPbBr3 NCs, corresponding to the blue-to-green emission process. The desorption and reorganization of organic ligands induced by NO+ and the involvement of BF4- in the ligand exchange process played pivotal roles in this dissolution-recrystallization of NCs. Moreover, controlled shape evolution from anisotropic NPLs to NCs was investigated through variations in the amount of NOBF4. This further validates that additives exert a decisive role in the symmetry and growth of nanostructured perovskite crystals during phase transition based on the ligand-exchange mechanism. This finding serves as a source of inspiration for the synthesis of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 NCs, providing valuable insights into the chemical mechanism in post-synthesis transformation.