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Self-Amplifying RNA: A Second Revolution of mRNA Vaccines against COVID-19.
Silva-Pilipich, Noelia; Beloki, Uxue; Salaberry, Laura; Smerdou, Cristian.
Affiliation
  • Silva-Pilipich N; Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
  • Beloki U; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
  • Salaberry L; Division of DNA and RNA Medicine, Cima Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
  • Smerdou C; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdISNA) and CCUN, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 12(3)2024 Mar 17.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38543952
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and approved in record time, including new vaccines based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven to be safe and effective, they are more expensive to produce compared to conventional vaccines. A special type of mRNA vaccine is based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) derived from the genome of RNA viruses, mainly alphaviruses. These saRNAs encode a viral replicase in addition to the antigen, usually the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The replicase can amplify the saRNA in transfected cells, potentially reducing the amount of RNA needed for vaccination and promoting interferon I responses that can enhance adaptive immunity. Preclinical studies with saRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in diverse animal models have demonstrated the induction of robust protective immune responses, similar to conventional mRNA but at lower doses. Initial clinical trials have confirmed the safety and immunogenicity of saRNA-based vaccines in individuals that had previously received authorized COVID-19 vaccines. These findings have led to the recent approval of two of these vaccines by the national drug agencies of India and Japan, underscoring the promising potential of this technology.
Key words

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Country of publication: Switzerland

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Spain Country of publication: Switzerland