The Course of the Trochlear Nerve Presented via a 3-Dimensional Photorealistic Anatomic Model.
World Neurosurg
; 186: e156-e160, 2024 06.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38548050
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
Several factors contribute to the anatomical complexity of the trochlear nerve, including small diameter, complex and longest intracranial course, deep location, and numerous neurovascular relationships. A 3-dimensional (3D) photorealistic model of the cranial nerves provides a detailed and immersive representation of the anatomy, enabling one to improve surgical planning, advanced surgical research, and training. The purpose of this work is to present a 3D photogrammetric study for a more intuitive and interactive way to explore and describe the entire course of trochlear nerve.METHODS:
Two injected-fixed head human specimens (4 sides) were examined. The dissection protocol was divided into the followingsteps:
1) brain hemisphere exposure; 2) hemispherectomy dissecting all cranial nerves and partial removal of the free edge of the tentorium; 3) middle fossa and lateral wall of cavernous sinus exposure; and 4) orbital exposure. A detailed 3D photogrammetric model was generated for each dissection step.RESULTS:
Four main volumetric models were generated during a step-by-step layered dissection of the entire nerve pathway highlighting its different segments. Finally, a full and integrated model of the entire course of the nerve was created. The models are available for visualization on monoscopic display, virtual, and augmented reality environment.CONCLUSIONS:
The present photogrammetric model provides a more comprehensive understanding of the nerve's anatomy in its different segments, allows for customizable views thus simulating different perspectives, and can be a valuable alternative to traditional dissections. It is an advanced tool for surgical planning and surgical simulation as well as virtual reality representation of the anatomy.Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Trochlear Nerve
/
Photogrammetry
/
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
/
Models, Anatomic
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
World Neurosurg
Journal subject:
NEUROCIRURGIA
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Italy
Country of publication:
United States