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High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system: regeneration hidden beneath inflammation.
Kim, Hanki; Kim, Bum Jun; Koh, Seungyon; Cho, Hyo Jin; Jin, Xuelian; Kim, Byung Gon; Choi, Jun Young.
Affiliation
  • Kim H; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Kim BJ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Koh S; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Cho HJ; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Jin X; Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Kim BG; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
  • Choi JY; Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
Neural Regen Res ; 20(1): 107-115, 2025 Jan 01.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767480
ABSTRACT
High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields, including neurology and neuroscience. High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern, which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern, such as glycyrrhizin, ethyl pyruvate, and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies, are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders. Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect, high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders. In this narrative review, we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern, its downstream receptors, and intracellular signaling pathways, how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system, and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role. Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Neural Regen Res Year: 2025 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Korea (South) Country of publication: India

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Language: En Journal: Neural Regen Res Year: 2025 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Korea (South) Country of publication: India