Differentiation of cellular responses to particulate and soluble constituents in sunscreen products.
J Hazard Mater
; 474: 134791, 2024 Aug 05.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38833954
ABSTRACT
Despite the growing awareness of potential human and environmental risks associated with sunscreens, identifying the specific constituents responsible for their potential toxicity is challenging. In this study, we applied three different types of sunscreens with contrasting compositions and compared the effects of their particulate and soluble fractions based on 15 cellular biomarkers of HaCaT cells. Multilinear regression analysis revealed that the internalized soluble fractions played a primary role in the overall cytotoxicity of sunscreen mixtures, which was primarily attributed to their biotransformation, generating metabolites with higher toxicity. The presence of plastic microspheres in sunscreens either inhibited the internalization of soluble fractions or led to their redistribution toward lysosomes. Conversely, subcellular toxicity resulting from the sunscreen mixture was predominantly influenced by particulates. Bio-transformable particulates such as ZnO dissolved in the organelles and induced higher subcellular toxicity compared to bioinert particulates such as microplastics. Subcellular biomarkers including lysosomal count, lysosomal size, mitochondrial count and mitochondrial shape emerged as the potential predictors of sunscreen presence. Our study provides important understanding of sunscreen toxicity by elucidating the differential impacts of particulate and soluble fractions in mixture contaminants.
Key words
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Sunscreening Agents
/
Lysosomes
Limits:
Humans
Language:
En
Journal:
J Hazard Mater
Journal subject:
SAUDE AMBIENTAL
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
China