Biology of the proximal tubule in body homeostasis and kidney disease.
Nephrol Dial Transplant
; 2024 Jul 26.
Article
in En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-39066502
ABSTRACT
The proximal tubule (PT) is known as the workhorse of the kidney, both for the range and magnitude of the functions that it performs. It is not only responsible for reabsorbing most solutes and proteins filtered by glomeruli, but also for secreting non-filtered substances including drugs and uremic toxins. The PT therefore plays a pivotal role in kidney physiology and body homeostasis. Moreover, it is the major site of damage in acute kidney injury and nephrotoxicity. In this review, we will provide an introduction to the cell biology of the PT and explore how it is adapted to the execution of a myriad of different functions and how these can differ between males and females. We will then discuss how the PT regulates phosphate, glucose and acid-base balance, and the consequences of alterations in PT function for bone and cardiovascular health. Finally, we explore why the PT is vulnerable to ischemic and toxic insults, and how acute injury in the PT can lead to maladaptive repair, chronic damage, and kidney fibrosis. In summary, we will demonstrate that knowledge of the basic cell biology of the PT is critical for understanding kidney disease phenotypes and their associated systemic complications, and for developing new therapeutic strategies to prevent these.
Full text:
1
Collection:
01-internacional
Database:
MEDLINE
Language:
En
Journal:
Nephrol Dial Transplant
Journal subject:
NEFROLOGIA
/
TRANSPLANTE
Year:
2024
Document type:
Article
Affiliation country:
United States
Country of publication:
United kingdom