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Biochemical implication of acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-alpha as diagnostic biomarkers in hepatitis C virus, coronavirus disease 2019, and dual hepatitis C virus-coronavirus disease 2019 patients.
Sakr, Amany Awad; Mohamed, Amal Ahmed; Ahmed, Amr E; Abdelhaleem, Ahmed A; Samir, Hussein H; Elkady, Mohammad Abdelkhalik; Hasona, Nabil A.
Affiliation
  • Sakr AA; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
  • Mohamed AA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo, Egypt.
  • Ahmed AE; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
  • Abdelhaleem AA; Tropical Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo, Egypt.
  • Samir HH; Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
  • Elkady MA; Gastroenterology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
  • Hasona NA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
J Med Virol ; 96(8): e29857, 2024 Aug.
Article in En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39145590
ABSTRACT
Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the most common causes of death due to the lack of early predictive and diagnostic tools. Therefore, research for a new biomarker is crucial. Inflammatory biomarkers are critical central players in the pathogenesis of viral infections. IL-18, produced by macrophages in early viral infections, triggers inflammatory biomarkers and interferon production, crucial for viral host defense. Finding out IL-18 function can help understand COVID-19 pathophysiology and predict disease prognosis. Histamine and its receptors regulate allergic lung responses, with H1 receptor inhibition potentially reducing inflammation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors on cholangiocytes suggest liver involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The current study presents the potential impact of circulating acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-Alpha as diagnostic tools in HCV, COVID-19, and dual HCV-COVID-19 pathogenesis. The current study was a prospective cross-section conducted on 188 participants classified into the following four groups Group 1 COVID-19 (n = 47), Group 2 HCV (n = 47), and Group 3 HCV-COVID-19 patients (n = 47), besides the healthy control Group 4 (n = 47). The levels of acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-alpha were assayed using the ELISA method. Liver and kidney functions within all groups showed a marked alteration compared to the healthy control group. Our statistical analysis found that individuals with dual infection with HCV-COVID-19 had high ferritin levels compared to other biomarkers while those with COVID-19 infection had high levels of D-Dimer. The histamine, acetylcholine, and IL-18 biomarkers in both COVID-19 and dual HCV-COVID-19 groups have shown discriminatory power, making them potential diagnostic tests for infection. These three biomarkers showed satisfactory performance in identifying HCV infection. The IFN-Alpha test performed well in the HCV-COVID-19 group and was fair in the COVID-19 group, but it had little discriminative value in the HCV group. Moreover, our findings highlighted the pivotal role of acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-Alpha in HCV, COVID-19, and dual HCV-COVID-19 infection. Circulating levels of acetylcholine, histamine, IL-18, and interferon-Alpha can be potential early indicators for HCV, COVID-19, and dual HCV-COVID-19 infection. We acknowledge that further large multicenter experimental studies are needed to further investigate the role biomarkers play in influencing the likelihood of infection to confirm and extend our observations and to better understand and ultimately prevent or treat these diseases.
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Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Biomarkers / Acetylcholine / Histamine / Interferon-alpha / Interleukin-18 / COVID-19 Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: En Journal: J Med Virol Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Egypt Country of publication: United States

Full text: 1 Collection: 01-internacional Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Biomarkers / Acetylcholine / Histamine / Interferon-alpha / Interleukin-18 / COVID-19 Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: En Journal: J Med Virol Year: 2024 Document type: Article Affiliation country: Egypt Country of publication: United States