Generation of free radicals and messenger function.

ABSTRACT

Free radicals are toxic agents that are produced as by-products of metabolic activity. A number of antioxidant mechanisms work to protect cells from damage. Recent evidence indicates, however, that free radicals and related oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide may also have a beneficial role, working as messengers to control cell function. These agents are generated in response to agonists, production is regulated by intracellular signal pathways, and they appear to be used to control particular cellular processes. Free radicals may perform these functions in a number of cell types. Also, they are produced in muscles and there is evidence that they may work as messengers in smooth muscle cells.