[Combined transfacial and infratemporal approaches for T3-T4 malignant maxillary tumors]. / Maxillectomia per via combinata transfacciale ed infratemporale per i tumori maligni T3-T4 del massiccio facciale.

ABSTRACT

The technique of maxillectomy employing an anterior transfacial approach has practically remained unaltered since historical and suggestive descriptions of Lizars reported in 1829 and those of Fergusson reported in 1842. This procedure is suitable and efficacious for benign tumors as well as for malignant tumors which involve the inferior, anterior, medial or lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. However, when the tumor erodes the posterior wall, surrounding and destroying the pterygoid and invading the pterygo-maxillary and the infratemporal fossae, sometimes causing thrismus as a result of infiltration of the pterygoid muscles, surgical control of the posterior extension through an anterior approach is impossible. Many authors maintain that in these cases surgery is useless if not detrimental in light of the low survival rates reported. We propose a new surgical technique (a double approach--transfacial and infratemporal preauricolar) to be followed in these patients. These approaches allow us to completely surround the extension of the tumor as well as to achieve surgical radicality in T4. Moreover, with this technique it is possible to use the temporalis muscle to repair the resulting post-maxillectomy cavity thus eliminating the necessity of the obturator. From 1992 to 1994 we operated 46 patients with T3 and T4 malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus following this procedure. We had 1 death due to heart infarction 3 days after surgery. On the other hand no serious local complications were observed. There were only 7 suppurations in the temporal region, either resolved quickly and spontaneously or through simple surgical drainage. The follow-up is still too brief to allow us to draw definite conclusions. At any rate, presently 30 of our 46 patients are alive and disease free.