Frequency and Factors Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults. Cali-Colombia 2014-2016 / Frecuencia y factores asociados a la apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos. Cali-Colombia 2014-2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common entity present in 9% to 38%, but with an important underreporting of 85%. Classically, it is observed in middle-aged, obese and sleepy men, closely related to multiple comorbidities of cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic and is associated with increased mortality. Recent studies indicate that majority of people with type 2 diabetes also has OSA. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of OSA and risk factors contributing to it among people with chronic and severe type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 203 people with type 2 diabetes (mean age 54 ± 8 years, 145 males, 58 females, HbA1c ≥ 7% [53mmol/mol] types, generating high costs of health systems.10 The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and identify the clinical factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea within the adult population of a specialized center in Cali, Colombia. Materials and Methods: Observational, analytical case-control study nested within a cohort. First-time polysomnography records were analyzed in adults with clinical suspicion of OSA in a specialized center. The characteristics of the study population were summarized through descriptive statistics. Associations were determined through OR, 95% CI and values of p ≤ 0.05 taken as significant for the statistical tests. Through multivariate logistic regression, a 6-variable model was identified, where the 6 variables independently explain the event. Results: We analyzed 566 polysomnographies, where the prevalence of OSA was 85.3% (483 of 566, 95% CI 82.4-88.35%), the mean age was 51.80 ± 13.73 years and 50% were men The final model included male gender (OR 4.46 95% CI 2.04-8.04, p <0.000), hypertension (OR 3.78 95% CI 2.48-8.04, p <0.000), Mallampati grade IV (OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.41-7.10, p <0.000) and excessive sleepiness (OR 5.70 95% CI 1.66-19.53, p <0.006) and normal weight (OR 0.48 95% CI 0.24-0.97, p <0.043). Conclusion: The predictive probability showed that being male, hypertensive with Mallampati grade IV and excessive sleepiness are associated independently with OSA, while normal weight decreased the risk