Diferencias laborales entre personas con discapacidad adquirida y sobrevenida en edad adulta. Análisis secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Discapacidad ­ ENEDIS 2012 / Labor differences between people with congenital and adulthood acquired disability. Secondary analysis of the National Disability Survey - ENEDIS 2012

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Evaluar diferencias laborales entre personas con discapacidad adquirida y discapacidad sobrevenida en edad adulta. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico secundario de la Encuesta Nacional de Discapacidad (ENEDIS) 2012. Se incluyeron personas entre 14 y 65 años de edad, agrupándolas según discapacidad (adquirida, sobrevenida temprana, sobrevenida adulta). Se consideraron como resultados finales de interés tener trabajo, ser trabajador dependiente o independiente, contar con contrato y tener ingresos superiores a la remuneración mínima vital. Se realizo análisis bivariados y múltiples considerando el muestreo complejo de los datos. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 16060 personas, 27,92 % presentaron discapacidad adquirida, 10,45 % sobrevenida temprana y 61,63 % sobrevenida adulta. Se encontró que aquellas con discapacidad sobrevenida adulta tenían una mayor frecuencia de tener trabajo (34,93 vs 23,20 %, p < 0,001), contar con contrato (50,40 vs 27,74 %, p < 0,001) y tener mayores ingresos (18,18 vs 13,29 %, p=0,048), respecto a las personas con discapacidad adquirida. Al realizar el análisis de regresión múltiple, las diferencias del ingreso económico y tipo de contrato disminuyen (p<0,05), pero la probabilidad de tener trabajo en la discapacidad sobrevenida adulta se invierte de 51% más a 8% menos (p=0,057). Conclusiones: Las personas con discapacidad sobrevenida en edad adulta presentan más empleo e ingresos económicos que aquellas con discapacidad adquirida. Aparentemente esto no depende del tiempo de discapacidad (que es menor en la discapacidad sobrevenida adulta) sino principalmente a factores como edad, sexo, grado de instrucción, región de residencia y tipo de limitación.

ABSTRACT

Objetive To evaluate labor differences between people with congenital and adulthood acquired disability. Material and Methods: Secondary analytical cross-sectional study of the National Disability Survey (ENEDIS) - 2012. People between 14 and 65 years of age were included, grouping them according to their disability (congenital, early acquired, adulthood acquired). The final results of interest were considered to have a job, being a dependent or independent worker, to have a contract and to have an income higher than the minimum living wage. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to evaluate the differences raised. Results: 16060 people were studied, 27,92% presented congenital disability, 10,45% early acquired and 61,63% adulthood acquired. It was found that those with adulthood acquired disability had a higher frequency of to have a job (34,93 vs 23,20 %, p <0,001), to have a contract (50,40 vs 27,74 %, p <0.001) and have income higher (18,18 vs 13,29 %, p = 0,048), with respect to people with congenital disability. When performing the multivariate analysis, the differences in economic income and type of contract decrease (p<0,05), but the probability of to have a job in adulthood acquired disability reverses from 51% more to 8% less (p = 0.057). Conclusions: People with adulthood acquired disability have more employment and income than those with congenital disability. Apparently this does not depend on the time of disability (which is less in adulthood acquired disability) but mainly to factors such as age, sex, level of education, region of residence and type of limitation: