Citología aspirativa. Nuevo método en el diagnóstico de cáncer del colon. / [Aspiration cytology. New method in the diagnosis of cancer of the colon]

ABSTRACT

The method of cytologic samples by aspirative punction was successfully used in lesions that are accessible with common needles. The digestive tracts lesions are of more difficult access, and that is the reason why we do not known any antecedent with this method in the literature. Since 1978 we have thought about some way of taking the sample by fiberoptic devices in endoscopic explorations, adjusting to a polyethylene tube of suitable measure, as to exceed the colonoscopy, in the distal extreme, a little trocar and on its proximal extreme the adjustable part of the trocar for the adaptation of the syringe that makes the aspiration. It crosses through the biopsy channel of the colonoscope, puncturing the lesion and extracting the material by aspiration to prepare the cytologic smear, and fixing it for its further coloration and microscopic observation. We present the result of the aspirative cytology in 100 cases of tumoral or elevated lesions detected in the course of a colonoscopy, performing a comparative study with the exfoliative cytology and biopsy of the same cases, to compare the diagnostic positivity index between all the tree methods. We have studied 77 adenocarcinomas, 9 villous adenomas or polyps, 5 elevated lesions in long-evolution idiopathic ulcerative colitis and 3 inflammatory lesions. The aspirative cytology had greater positivity than the exfoliative one, complementing the judgement of biopsy studies in cases of malign neoplasia with great necrotic component. It must be underlined the utility of aspirative cytology method due to its simplicity, innocuousness and diagnostic security.